B.Tech 2nd Year AKTU Data Structures PYQs – Exam Guide – Download BCS301 PYQ PDF
Data Structures is a core and scoring subject in the AKTU B.Tech 2nd Year syllabus for Computer Science and Information Technology students. This tutorial page is designed for exam-focused preparation, quick revision, and understanding concepts in a simple and structured manner. The content is aligned with the AKTU syllabus and previous year question paper patterns.
What is Data Structure?
A Data Structure is a systematic way of organizing, storing, and managing data so that it can be accessed and modified efficiently. It defines the relationship between data elements and the operations that can be performed on them. Efficient data structures help in improving program performance and reducing memory usage.
In real-world applications, data structures are used everywhere—from managing student records and banking systems to search engines, operating systems, and social media platforms.
Why Data Structures Are Important for AKTU Exams
Data Structures questions are frequently repeated in AKTU examinations. Around 45–60% of questions are concept-based and follow a fixed pattern. Understanding algorithms and their time complexity makes this subject highly scoring.
- High weightage in semester exams
- Repeated PYQs from Trees, Stack, Queue, and Sorting
- Easy to score with clear diagrams and algorithms
- Foundation subject for DBMS, OS, and AI
Types of Data Structures
1. Linear Data Structures
Linear data structures store data in a sequential manner. Each element is connected to its previous and next element. These structures are easy to implement and widely used.
- Array
- Linked List
- Stack
- Queue
2. Non-Linear Data Structures
Non-linear data structures organize data hierarchically or graph-based. These are used when relationships between data are complex.
- Tree
- Graph
Basic Data Structures Explained
Array
An array is a collection of elements stored at contiguous memory locations. It allows fast access using index values but has a fixed size.
Linked List
A linked list consists of nodes where each node contains data and a reference to the next node. It overcomes the limitation of fixed size but uses extra memory.
Stack
Stack follows the LIFO (Last In First Out) principle. Operations include push, pop, and peek. It is widely used in function calls, expression evaluation, and undo operations.
Queue
Queue follows FIFO (First In First Out). Operations include enqueue and dequeue. It is used in scheduling, buffering, and printer queues.
Trees in Data Structures
A tree is a hierarchical data structure consisting of nodes connected by edges. The topmost node is called the root.
- Binary Tree
- Binary Search Tree (BST)
- AVL Tree
- Heap
Trees are frequently asked in AKTU exams with diagram-based questions.
Graphs
A graph is a collection of vertices and edges. Graphs are used to represent networks such as social media connections, road maps, and computer networks.
Searching Techniques
Searching algorithms are used to find an element in a data structure.
- Linear Search
- Binary Search
Sorting Algorithms
Sorting arranges data in ascending or descending order. Sorting is one of the most important topics in AKTU exams.
- Bubble Sort
- Selection Sort
- Insertion Sort
- Quick Sort
- Merge Sort
Time and Space Complexity
Time complexity measures the amount of time an algorithm takes to run, while space complexity measures memory usage. Big-O notation is used to represent complexity.
Applications of Data Structures
Data structures are used in operating systems, databases, compiler design, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and web development. Efficient data handling is only possible with proper data structure selection.
Career Benefits of Learning Data Structures
Strong knowledge of data structures helps students crack coding interviews, competitive programming, and technical rounds of IT companies. Roles like Software Engineer, Backend Developer, and Data Analyst require deep understanding of data structures.
Download AKTU Data Structure 2nd Year PYQs PDF
Important Exam-Oriented Questions (PYQ Style)
Q1. Define data structure and explain its classification.
A data structure is a method of organizing data. It is classified into linear and non-linear data structures.
Q2. Explain stack operations with diagram.
Stack operations include push, pop, and peek and follow LIFO principle.
Q3. What is a linked list? Explain its types.
A linked list is a dynamic data structure with nodes connected using pointers.
Q4. Compare array and linked list.
Array has fixed size, linked list is dynamic with extra memory usage.
Q5. Explain binary search algorithm.
Binary search works on sorted data and divides the search space into half.
Q6. What is a binary tree?
A binary tree is a tree where each node has at most two children.
Q7. Define graph and its applications.
A graph consists of vertices and edges used to represent networks.
Q8. Explain quick sort.
Quick sort is a divide-and-conquer sorting algorithm.
Q9. What is time complexity?
Time complexity measures algorithm efficiency.
Q10. Why data structures are important?
They help in efficient data storage and processing.
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